Due to its exposed position at the bottom of the iPhone, the charging port is a prime target for dust and grime from any location, including a pocket or bag. A picnic table in the park on a windy day may be a breeding ground for dirt and dust, and the same is true for your car. There are a myriad of potential messes that may be made. If a blocked port could be viewed inside, a wall of debris would be visible.
The pins within the iPhone port catch this detritus, whatever it is. Those pins are what connect to the power supply cord. The phone will not charge if there is a poor connection. Cleaning this port removes the obstruction, allowing the phone to be charged.
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